Effects of compound whole grain-soybean on insulin resistance and serum adipocytokines in impared fasting glucose population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of compound whole grain-soybean on insulin resistance and serum adipocytokines levels in impared fasting glucose population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 163 cases of impared fasting glucose (IFG) Chinese Han population from the age of 40 to 75 years old, were screened from 12 community health centers of three main districts of Nanjing city by the multi-stage cluster and simple randomization method from March to September, 2008. The IFG subjects were randomly divided into the intervention group (87 individuals) and control group (76 individuals) by quasi-experimental design. The intervention group was provided with compound whole grain-soybean and health education, while only health education was provided for the control group. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipocytokines including leptin, lipocalin 2 (LCN-2) and adiponectin (ADP) levels were measured before and after the half a year intervention period. Chi square test was used to analyze the distribution differences. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences of the two groups before and after the half a year intervention period, and paired t-test was used to compare the differences between before and after intervention in the intervention group or control group. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the differences of all indexes between after and before dietary intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After dietary intervention for half a year on the IFG population, BMI ((24.87 ± 3.69) kg/m(2)), FBG((6.27 ± 0.24) mmol/L), FINS((7.14 ± 1.05) mU/L) , HOMA-IR (1.99 ± 0.31), leptin ((13.07 ± 2.22) µg /L), LCN-2 ((67.42 ± 18.20) µg/L) of intervention group were decreased significantly compared to the levels of BMI ((25.16 ± 4.07) kg/m(2)), FBG((6.40 ± 0.28) mmol/L), FINS ((7.32 ± 1.54) mU/L), HOMA-IR (2.08 ± 0.45), leptin ((13.43 ± 2.52) µg/L), LCN-2((74.87 ± 17.81) µg/L) before dietary intervention, t values were 4.48, 7.08, 2.05, 3.39, 3.28 and 6.36, respectively, and all P values were < 0.05, while ADP ((5.07 ± 1.51) mg/L) of intervention group after dietary intervention was increased significantly compared to the level of ADP ((4.92 ± 1.53) mg/L) before dietary intervention, t = -2.47 and P < 0.05. The medians (P25, P 75) of differences after and before dietary intervention in the intervention group were BMI (-0.25(-0.68, 0.02) kg/m(2)), FBG (-0.08 (-0.20, 0.00) mmol/L), FINS (-0.15(-0.32, 0.00) mU/L), HOMA-IR (-0.07(-0.12, -0.03)), leptin (-0.36(-0.77, 0.12) µg/L), LCN-2 (-5.85(-14.29, -0.71) µg/L) and ADP (0.15(-0.13, 0.36) mg/L), and the medians of differences of after and before dietary intervention in the control group were BMI (0.00(-0.23, 0.29) kg/m(2)), FBG (0.00(-0.03, 0.04) mmol/L), FINS (-0.01(-0.13, 0.04) mU/L), HOMA-IR (-0.01(-0.05, 0.02)), leptin (-0.07 (-0.57, 0.46) µg/L), LCN-2 (-0.85(-5.39, 1.63) µg/L) and ADP (0.02(-0.19, 0.13) mg/L). There were significantly statistical differences between them (Z values were -3.65, -4.88, -3.08, -5.23, -2.16, -4.43 and 3.05, all P values were <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary intervention of compound whole grain-soybean can improves glucose level, increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate insulin resistance state of IFG population.</p>

Expression of aquaporin 2 in rat kidney under hypoxia at an altitude of 4600 m / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the change of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) mRNA and protein levels in renal collecting duct of SD rats after hypoxin caused by rising of the altitude to 4600 m. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 1 week group), and 10 rats in Xining city were used as control group. All the 40 SD rats were transported to Kekexili Natural Reservation areas (4600 m) in Qinghai province. Rats of four experimental groups were sacrificed and renal tissue samples were harvested at different time point respectively, the control group rats were treated in Xining city (2260 m) as well. The concentration of plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was measured by radioimmunity method. The expression of AQP2 mRNA and proteins was evaluated by real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Results The concentration of plasma ADH was decreased at 24 h and was only 28.5% of that of control group, reaching the lowest concentration at 48 h [(86.94±6.49) μg/L vs (302.5±310.48) μg/L], then it increased gradually and was similar to the control group at 7 d [(306.46±11.14) μg/L vs (302.53±10.48)μg/L, P＞ 0.05]. There were significant differences of the control group with 24 h, 48 h and 72 h groups, respectively[(302.53± 10.48) μg/L vs (142.46±10.57)μg/L, (86.94±6.49)μg/L, (169.65±11.15) μg/L respectively, P＜0.01]. The change of AQP2 gene expression level was consistent with the change of ADH. It was decreased at the begining when exposure to altitude and it reached its lowest level at 48 h. It was then returned to high level similarly to that of the control group at 7 d (0.09±0.01 vs 0.09± 0.008, P＞0.05 ). There were significant differences of the control group with 24 h, 48 h and 72 h group, respectively (0.09±0.008 vs 0.04±0.005, 0.03±0.002, 0.04±0.003 respectively, P＜0.01 ). Conclusions AQP2 expression in the renal collecting duct of SD rats is altered over the period exposed to altitude. It is decreased in the early hypoxia period, and is increased in later period. This change may be related to the intensity of hypoxia, which is mediated by a potential adaptation mechanisms against hypoxia caused by high altitude.